It appears there is more than one point of view on this subject. One, the opinion of Chief Justice Douglas, and two, the FAA’s which was defined in the ‘Myth Buster’ paper they published, and is as follows:
Myth 1. “The FAA doesn’t control airspace below 400 feet.”
Fact: The FAA controls all airspace from the ground up. This myth is based on confusion with the rules for operating model aircraft, which are quite different from those involving any form of commercial flying operations.
Really, from the ground up? This confusion has nothing to do with model aircraft rules. This confusion, on the part of the FAA, has everything to do with Supreme Court Justice Douglas’s writing of the majority opinion in United States v. Causby, which states in part:
“We have said that the airspace is a public highway. Yet it is obvious that if the landowner is to have full enjoyment of the land, he must have exclusive control of the immediate reaches of the enveloping atmosphere. The landowner owns at least as much of the space above the ground as the can occupy or use in connection with the land.”
While the “immediate reaches of the enveloping atmosphere” were not defined by Douglas, in Smith v. New England Aircraft Company, the Massachusetts Supreme Court set the boundary somewhere between one hundred feet and five hundred feet.
So the United States Supreme Court does not agree that the FAA controls all airspace from the ground up. While no one is arguing that the FAA should not regulate safety from the ground up, the FAA has no authority to withhold use of this airspace from the landowner, be it for recreational or commercial operations.
Myth 3. Commercial UAS operations are a “gray area” in FAA regulations.
No shades of gray here. From the FAA, “Anyone who wants to fly an aircraft — manned or unmanned — in U.S. airspace needs some level of FAA approval.”
Actually we agree with the FAA on this one. However, since the Supreme Court ruled that, “The landowner owns at least as much of the space above the ground as the can occupy or use in connection with the land.” It is our contention that “the immediate reaches of the enveloping atmosphere” are privately owned airspace, not U.S. airspace. Therefore, The FAA has no authority to exclude the landowner from his/her property, whether for recreation or commercial operations. To do so would be a “taking without compensation” in violation of the fifth amendment of the Constitution.
Myth 4. There are too many commercial UAS operations for the FAA to stop.
Fact: The feds do have to prioritize their enforcement based on level of hazard, however, “When the FAA discovers apparent unauthorized UAS operations, the agency has a number of enforcement tools available to address these operations, including a verbal warning, a warning letter and an order to stop the operation.”
Really, “a verbal warning, a warning letter and an order to stop the operation.” And then what?
Despite these enforcement tools, many continue commercial UAV operations because it is their livelihood. Many were so employed before the 2007 FAA mandate to stop, so what were they to do? They include professional movie cinematographers, high end real-estate photographers, search and rescue organizations and yes, agricultural entities. Very few stopped even when told to do so by the FAA, and no enforcement actions were taken— until the Heurta v. Pirker case. The FAA lost that one, which is still under appeal. I wonder how that’s going to work out?
Has the FAA become irrelevant on the the UAV issue? Seven years to promulgate guidance by Advisory Circular or Regulation, and no results so far. Two commercial authorizations, in the Arctic, commanded by Congress. And they haven’t faired to well in court either. Maybe Congress should let someone else try?
Myth 5. Commercial UAS operations will be OK after September 30, 2015.
Fact: From the FAA statement: “In the 2012 FAA reauthorization legislation, Congress told the FAA to come up with a plan for ‘safe integration’ of UAS by September 30, 2015. Safe integration will be incremental. The agency is still developing regulations, policies and standards that will cover a wide variety of UAS users and expects to publish a proposed rule for small UAS — under about 55 pounds — later this year. That proposed rule will likely include provisions for commercial operations.”
Another missed deadline? On April 1, 2009 [Maybe that date was significant] the FAA co-chaired a report titled: “Small Unmanned Aircraft System Aviation Rulemaking Committee.” [sic] Seventeen organizations contributed, and by consensus developed a very logical document for integrating sUAS into the airspace by groups, i.e. Group II: gross weight under 2 Kilos (4.4 pounds), Max speed under 60 knots, VLOS only, max height 400 feet AGL. It looked promising, however, the NPRM it was supposed to generate hasn’t materialized; for five years and counting. The FAA has lost all credibility for predicting when anything will be accomplished. How can we believe them now?
Myth 6. The FAA is lagging behind other countries in approving commercial drones.
Fact: The FAA cited how the comparison is flawed, based on the complexity of U.S. airspace compared with that of other nations.The agency wrote: “Developing all the rules and standards we need is a very complex task, and we want to make sure we get it right the first time.”
Maybe in the northeast corridor, but even that does not equal the airspace congestion of England, for example, where 500 foot vertical separations and special authorizations for use of airports like Heathrow are the norm.
England has a flourishing UAV program, having issued several hundred commercial UAV authorizations. They have also apprehended and successfully prosecuted several offenders.
Yes, the FAA is lagging behind many other countries. Amazon filmed their famous Drone add in Vancouver, because of FAA restrictions. Now, Amazon is thinking of moving their entire Drone R&D program to India because of the onerous FAA restrictions on UAVs here.
Myth 7. The FAA predicts as many as 30,000 drones by 2030.
Fact: That’s old data, according to the FAA: “It was an estimate in the FAA’s 2011 Aerospace Forecast. Since then, the agency has refined its prediction to focus on the area of greatest expected growth. The FAA currently estimates as many as 7,500 small commercial UAS may be in use by 2018, assuming the necessary regulations are in place.” Updated numbers are expected with the publication of the FAA’s proposed rule on UAS later this year, so stay tuned.
What numbers are we to believe? None of the above? We have no idea where the commercial UAV business will go. Most people think it will be huge, provided the FAA will open up the airspace for commercial operations. Are we missing the boat?
One company in China, DJI, produces only UAVs and related equipment. In 2013 their gross sales was 1.7 million U.S. dollars, and they have over 2000 employees world wide. Not bad for a company that was started by three people in a garage in 2009. Unfortunately, that taxable income and those jobs are not in the United States. Yes, the U.S. is falling behind, due mostly to the FAA’s apparently illegal moratorium on commercial UAV operations since 2007.
The FAA needs to return the “the immediate reaches of the enveloping atmosphere” to the landowners before the lawyers learn of this “taking” and the feeding frenzy begins. Besides, it is the right thing to do; and the Supreme Court agrees.
Comments welcome, both positive and negative.
If you wish to receive more information on rights of the landowners, or the safe operation of Drones over your property, contact the League at the
e-mail address below:
“Justice is the firm and continuous desire to render to everyone that which is his due.”
Daniel Webster
The League of Landowners and Drone Operators (LLDO)
The League of Landowners and Drone Operators (LLDO) was formed for the purpose of asserting the rights of the landowner to exclusive control of the immediate reaches of the enveloping atmosphere over his/her property and promulgating guidelines for the safe operation of Drones within that airspace.
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